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Feeding the world while protecting the planet: Global plan for sustainable agriculture

Tue, 18 Oct 2011 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - By McGill University, ScienceDaily staff - Oct. 18 (Research) - An international team of researchers from Canada, the US, Sweden and Germany has come up with a plan to double the world's food production while reducing the environmental impacts of agriculture.

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From blue whales to earthworms, a common mechanism gives shape to living beings

Fri, 14 Oct 2011 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - By Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne, ScienceDaily Staff - Oct. 14 (Research) - Mice don't have tails on their backs, and their ribs don't grow from lumbar vertebrae. And for good reason. Scientists have discovered the mechanism that determines the shape that many animals take -- including humans, blue whales, and insects.

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Why climate models underestimated Arctic sea ice retreat: No Arctic sea ice in summer by end of century?

Wed, 12 Oct 2011 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - By CNRS, ScienceDaily staff - Oct. 12 (Research) - "results from the new model suggested that there will be no artic sea ice in summer by the end of the century"

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Even In Hostile Working Environments, Employees Reluctant To Leave Jobs

Wed, 20 May 2009 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - May. 20 (News Report) - ... among workers reporting hostility in the current position, almost half -- 45 percent of them -- had no definite plans to leave their current job. In addition, 59 percent indicated that they either liked or did not dislike their current job.

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'Ice That Burns' May Yield Clean, Sustainable Bridge To Global Energy Future

Sat, 28 Mar 2009 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - By American Chemical Society - Mar. 28 (Press Release) - In the future, natural gas derived from chunks of ice that workers collect from beneath the ocean floor and beneath the arctic permafrost may fuel cars, heat homes, and power factories. Government researchers are reporting that these so-called "gas hydrates," a frozen form of natural gas that bursts into flames at the touch of a match, show increasing promise as an abundant, untapped source of clean, sustainable energy.

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Androgynous Leaders Mean Increased Innovation

Sun, 09 Nov 2008 00:00:00 -0800

ScienceDaily - Nov. 09 (News Report) - Androgynous leaders, that is, leaders with both masculine and feminine traits, are the ones who best succeed at creating a good climate for innovation, concludes Anne Grethe Solberg, researcher at BI Norwegian Scool of Management in a new study. With the law in their hands, women have marched into the boardrooms of Norwegian companies, particularly in the public limited companies (ASA), where women now hold four out of ten directorships (40 per cent).

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Female Medical Students Underestimate Their Abilities And Males Tend To Overestimate Theirs

Sun, 05 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - Oct. 05 (News Report) - Despite performing equally to their male peers in the classroom and the clinic, female medical students consistently report decreased self-confidence and increased anxiety, particularly over issues related to their competency. A new study published in the September 2008 issue of Patient Education and Counseling found that female medical students also appeared less confident to patients.

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The Earth After Us: What Legacy Will Humans Leave In The Rocks?

Sun, 05 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - By University of Leicester. - Oct. 05 (Special Report) - ScienceDaily (Oct. 5, 2008) — What will be the lasting impression made by mankind - 100 million years hence? Jan Zalasiewicz, a lecturer in geology at the University of Leicester, has published a new book looking at the lasting impression likely to be made by mankind.

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Antisocial Behavior May Be Caused By Low Stress Hormone Levels

Sun, 05 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - Oct. 05 (News Report) - A link between reduced levels of the 'stress hormone' cortisol and antisocial behaviour in male adolescents has been discovered by a research team at the University of Cambridge. Levels of cortisol in the body usually increase when people undergo a stressful experience, such as public speaking, sitting an exam, or having surgery. It enhances memory formation and is thought to make people behave more cautiously and to help them regulate their emotions, particularly their temper and violent impulses.

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Political Views Affect Firms' Corporate Social Responsibility, Study Finds

Sun, 21 Sep 2008 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - Sep. 21 (News Report) - A new study in The Financial Review establishes a relationship between political beliefs of corporate stakeholders and the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of their firms. Companies with a high CSR rating tend to be located in Democratic states, while companies with a low CSR rating tend to be located in Republican states. Amir Rubin of Simon Fraser University analyzed the 2004 presidential election results of communities in which corporate headquarters are located. The results from the election provide relevant data to analyze the correlation between political views of individual communities and the CSR ratings of firms located in those communities.

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Eating Less Meat And Junk Food Could Cut Fossil Energy Fuel Use Almost In Half

Thu, 24 Jul 2008 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - Jul. 24 (News Report) - An estimated 19 percent of total energy used in the USA is taken up in the production and supply of food. Currently, this mostly comes from non-renewable energy sources which are in short supply. It is therefore of paramount importance that ways of reducing this significant fuel consumption in the US food system are found.

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Massive Greenhouse Gases May Be Released As Destruction, Drying Of World Wetlands Worsen

Tue, 22 Jul 2008 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - Jul. 22 (Special Report) - Warming world temperatures are speeding both rates of decomposition of trapped organic material and evaporation, while threatening critical sources of wetlands recharge by melting glaciers and reducing precipitation.

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Political Participation Is Partially Rooted In Genetic Inheritance

Thu, 03 Jul 2008 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - Jul. 03 (News Report) - The decision to vote is partly genetic, according to a new study published in the American Political Science Review. The research, by James H. Fowler and Christopher T. Dawes, of the University of California, San Diego and Laura A. Baker, of the University of Southern California, is the first to show that genes influence participation in elections and in a wide range of political activities.

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The neuroanatomy of fairness

Sun, 15 Jun 2008 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - Jun. 15 (News Report) - Sharing resources fairly can be a tricky business. Is it better to dish out more of something good, such as food or money, even if only some people receive this benefit, or is it more important to ensure that everyone receives at least some gain, even if the total goodness that's dolled out is actually lower? Ming Hsu and colleagues scanned the brains of 26 participants as they made decisions like this between efficiency on the one hand, and equity on the other.

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Having Less Power Impairs The Mind And Ability To Get Ahead, Study Shows

Sun, 18 May 2008 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - May. 18 (News Report) - New research appearing in the May issue of Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, suggests that being put in a low-power role may impair a person's basic cognitive functioning and thus, their ability to get ahead. In their article, Pamela Smith of Radboud University Nijmegen, and colleagues Nils B. Jostmann of VU University Amsterdam, Adam Galinsky of the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, and Wilco W. van Dijk of VU University Amsterdam, focus on a set of cognitive processes called executive functions. Executive functions help people maintain and pursue their goals in difficult, distracting situations. The researchers found that lacking power impaired people's ability to keep track of ever-changing information, to parse out irrelevant information, and to successfully plan ahead to achieve their goals.

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New Breed Of Supercomputers Proposed To Improve Climate Change Prediction Accuracy

Wed, 07 May 2008 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - May. 07 (News Report) - Three researchers from the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have proposed an innovative way to improve global climate change predictions by using a supercomputer with low-power embedded microprocessors, an approach that would overcome limitations posed by today's conventional supercomputers.

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Is Happiness Having What You Want, Wanting What You Have, Or Both?

Wed, 30 Apr 2008 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - Apr. 30 (News Report) - Some argue that happiness is not having what you want, but wanting what you have. This maxim sounds reasonable enough, but can it be tested, and if so, is it true? It turns out it can be tested. Texas Tech University psychologist Jeff Larsen and Amie McKibban of Wichita State University asked undergraduates to indicate whether they possessed 52 different material items, such as a car, a stereo or a bed.

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Caring Men Are Happier Than Traditional 'Macho' Men, Study Suggests

Wed, 30 Apr 2008 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - Apr. 30 (News Report) - Professor Miguel Arciniega clearly remembers the dichotomy of being a Mexican-American youth trying to learn what it means to be a man. Now he and his colleagues have developed an academic scale to define what it means to be either a gentleman or a "macho" man in the Mexican-American culture. "This has been a lifelong thing for me, in terms of growing up in El Paso, Texas, and finding out the messages about being a man from my father and grandfather," says Arciniega, an associate professor of counseling and counseling psychology in the Division of Psychology in Education with ASU's Mary Lou Fulton College of Education. "On the streets, from my friends, it was a very different message."

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High Self-esteem Is Not Always What It's Cracked Up To Be

Tue, 29 Apr 2008 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - Apr. 29 (News Report) - Increasingly, psychologists are looking at such behavior and saying out loud what may go against the grain of how many people act: high self-esteem is not the same thing as healthy self-esteem. And new research by a psychology professor from the University of Georgia is adding another twist: those with "secure" high self-esteem are less likely to be verbally defensive than those who have "fragile" high self-esteem.

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Reputation And Money: New Insights Into How The Brain Processes Social, Economic Reward

Fri, 25 Apr 2008 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - Apr. 25 (News Report) - Researchers have mapped the brain regions that process social standing and money rewards, yielding new insights that they said will aid understanding of the basis of social behaviors. They published their findings in two papers in the April 24, 2008, issue of the journal Neuron, published by Cell Press.

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Human Brain Appears 'Hard-wired' For Hierarchy

Fri, 25 Apr 2008 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - Apr. 25 (News Report) - Human imaging studies have for the first time identified brain circuitry associated with social status, according to researchers at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) of the National Institutes of Health. They found that different brain areas are activated when a person moves up or down in a pecking order -- or simply views perceived social superiors or inferiors. Circuitry activated by important events responded to a potential change in hierarchical status as much as it did to winning money.

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Are Humans Hardwired For Fairness?

Tue, 22 Apr 2008 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - Apr. 22 (News Report) - Is fairness simply a ruse, something we adopt only when we secretly see an advantage in it for ourselves? Many psychologists have in recent years moved away from this purely utilitarian view, dismissing it as too simplistic. Recent advances in both cognitive science and neuroscience now allow psychologists to approach this question in some different ways, and they are getting some intriguing results.

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Extreme Ocean Storms Have Become More Frequent Over Past Three Decades, Study Of Tiny Tremors Shows

Mon, 21 Apr 2008 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - Apr. 21 (News Report) - Data from faint earth tremors caused by wind-driven ocean waves -- often dismissed as "background noise" at seismographic stations around the world -- suggest extreme ocean storms have become more frequent over the past three decades.

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Making Environmentally Friendly Plastics

Mon, 21 Apr 2008 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - Apr. 21 (News Report) - Every year, more than 30 billion water bottles are added to America's landfills, creating a mountainous environmental problem. But if research at Missouri University of Science and Technology is successful, the plastic bottles of the future could literally disappear within four months of being discarded.

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Negligent, Attentive Mouse Mothers Show Biological Differences

Fri, 11 Apr 2008 00:00:00 -0700

ScienceDaily - Apr. 11 (News Report) - In mice, child neglect is a product of both nature and nurture, according to a new study. Writing in the journal PLoS One on April 9, researchers from the University of Wisconsin-Madison describe a strain of mice that exhibit unusually high rates of maternal neglect, with approximately one out of every five females failing to care for her offspring. By comparing the good mothers to their less attentive relatives, the group has found that negligent parenting seems to have both genetic and non-genetic influences, and may be linked to dysregulation of the brain signaling chemical dopamine.

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